Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

5 questions · 5 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 20%Low 2 · 40%Moderate 1 · 20%High 1 · 20%

Twice daily or more vs once daily topical corticosteroid

Clinician‐reported signs of eczema: IGA (number with cleared or marked improvement); short term (earliest time point within 1‐4 weeks) · children and adults, most with moderate to severe eczema

Twice daily or more showed no clear difference in clinician‐reported signs of eczema: IGA (number with cleared or… compared with once daily topical corticosteroid (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for using topical corticosteroids in children and adults with eczema 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.97 [0.68, 1.38]
15 studies · 1970 participants
Moderate

Twice daily or more vs once daily topical corticosteroid

Patient‐reported symptoms of eczema · children and adults, most with moderate to severe eczema

Twice daily or more showed no clear difference in patient‐reported symptoms of eczema: PGA (number with cleared or… compared with once daily topical corticosteroid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for using topical corticosteroids in children and adults with eczema 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.91 [0.62, 5.83]
2 studies · 300 participants
Low

Twice daily or more vs once daily topical corticosteroid

Local adverse events: skin thinning; end of treatment (2‐5 weeks) · children and adults, most with moderate to severe eczema

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for using topical corticosteroids in children and adults with eczema 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1423 participants
Low

Twice daily or more vs once daily topical corticosteroid

Systemic adverse events: abnormal cortisol; end of treatment (1‐6 weeks) · children and adults, most with moderate to severe eczema

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for using topical corticosteroids in children and adults with eczema 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 249 participants
Very low

Indacaterol vs placebo

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Indacaterol leads to lower number of participants experiencing 1 or more exacerbations compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.81 [0.7, 0.94]
7 studies · 4807 participants
High