Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

12 questions · 13 findings · 2 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 7.7%Low 2 · 15.4%Moderate 6 · 46.2%High 4 · 30.8%

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Local adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 6125 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Systemic adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 studies · 5372 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Withdrawals ‐ adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 5790 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

2 findings from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 314 participants
High
Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 348 participants
Moderate

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

Clinical success (eg 50% reduction in pain) Chronic conditions · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 241 participants
Moderate

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

Serious adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Topical diclofenac gel or solution Clinical success (for example 50% reduction in pain) · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2342 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Topical ketoprofen gel Clinical success (for example 50% reduction in pain) · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2573 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Topical diclofenac gel or solution Local adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 3658 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Topical ketoprofen gel Local adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2621 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Systemic adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
30 participants
Very low