Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

63 questions · 63 findings · 5 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 12 · 19%GRADE not reported 7 · 11.1%Very low 13 · 20.6%Low 22 · 34.9%Moderate 9 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Induction of labour · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with other models of care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Instrumental vaginal birth · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models probably leads to lower instrumental vaginal birth (forceps/vacuum) compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Episiotomy · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models may leads to lower episiotomy compared with other models of care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear (with or without episiotomy) · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models changes third or fourth degree tear compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Postpartum haemorrhage · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in postpartum haemorrhage (as defined by trial authors) compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Breastfeeding initiation · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in breastfeeding initiation compared with other models of care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Maternal readmission within 28 days · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models changes maternal readmission within 28 days compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Attendance at birth by known midwife · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models changes attendance at birth by known midwife compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Low birthweight · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in birth weight less than 2500 g compared with other models of care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Apgar score ≤ 7 at 5 minutes · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models changes apgar score less than or equal to 7 at 5 minutes compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Admission to neonatal special care unit or intensive care unit · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in admission to special care nursery/neonatal intensive care unit compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Fetal loss before 24 weeks gestation · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models changes fetal loss before 24 weeks gestation compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions vs treatment

Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention may leads to higher number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review