Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 109 findings · 9 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 20 · 18.3%GRADE not reported 8 · 7.3%Very low 55 · 50.5%Low 17 · 15.6%Moderate 4 · 3.7%High 5 · 4.6%

Summary of findings: walking programme (general physical activity) vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: walking programme (general physical activity) changes number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Participant satisfaction: Parents would not choose the same treatment again (6 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

Summary of findings. Home may leads to lower participant satisfaction: Parents would not choose the same… compared with hospital‐clinic removal of casts (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast

Participant satisfaction: children found treatment was convenient (4 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Bandage changes participant satisfaction: children found treatment was convenient (4… compared with cast (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

Risk of fracture Length of · and

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions changes risk of fracture Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Clinical healing ‐ Time to clinical fracture consolidation (days) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical fracture consolidation (weeks) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of school/work (weeks) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of school/work (weeks) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (dance) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: resistance exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: resistance exercises changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: exercise (all types) may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures. compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: walking programme (general physical activity) vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: walking programme (general physical activity) changes rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review