What do systematic reviews say?

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether self‐management interventions changes respiratory‐related hospital admissions compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.75 [0.57, 0.98]
  3263 participants
  Very low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.69 [0.51, 0.94]
  14 studies · 3157 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.7 [0.89, 3.26]
  1572 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.94 [1.2, 3.13]
  7 studies · 1219 participants
  Very low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26]
  5719 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
  16 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause hospital admissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.71, 1.08]
  2633 participants
  Moderate
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.54, 1.03]
  10 studies · 2467 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1401 participants
  Moderate
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 740 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2778 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  356 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1939 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1647 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1582 participants
  High

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 217 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations showed no clear difference in courses of oral steroids compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.38 [0.55, 34.91]
  4 studies · 963 participants
  Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 2185 participants
  Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 913 participants
  Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 687 participants
  Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 3848 participants
  Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

Educational interventions and self‐management training showed no clear difference in death compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.02]
  4 studies · 2801 participants
  Moderate

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 618 participants
  Low

Educational interventions and self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 3110 participants
  Low

Self‐management training vs usual care

• Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 417 participants
  Low