Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

37 questions · 38 findings · 5 reviews · Dental public health and special care · All outcomes

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 18 · 47.4%GRADE not reported 18 · 47.4%Very low 2 · 5.3%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Saline rinse vs Saline-soaked swab

Duration of mechanical ventilation · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse led to lower duration of mechanical ventilation compared with saline-soaked swab; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -6.83 [-8.94, -4.72]
2 studies · 176 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs Saline-soaked swab

Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse led to lower incidence of VAP compared with saline-soaked swab; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.47 [0.37, 0.62]
4 studies · 488 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs Saline-soaked swab

All‐cause mortality · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse led to lower mortality compared with saline-soaked swab; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.29 [0.12, 0.69]
2 studies · 270 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse plus swab vs Saline-soaked swab

Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse plus swab led to lower incidence of VAP compared with saline-soaked swab alone (usual care); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.41 [0.23, 0.72]
2 studies · 153 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse plus swab vs Saline-soaked swab

Duration of mechanical ventilation · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse plus swab led to lower duration of mechanical ventilation compared with saline-soaked swab alone (usual care); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -3.91 [-5.85, -1.97]
1 study · 47 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

Duration of ICU stay · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse showed no clear difference in duration of ICU stay compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -1.17 [-3.95, 1.60]
2 studies · 324 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

Duration of mechanical ventilation · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse showed no clear difference in duration of mechanical ventilation compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -0.40 [-2.55, 1.75]
2 studies · 324 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse led to lower incidence of VAP compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.60 [0.39, 0.91]
2 studies · 324 participants
GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

All‐cause mortality · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Saline rinse showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.10 [0.87, 1.39]
2 studies · 324 participants
GRADE not reported

Povidone iodine vs Normal saline

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them

It is very uncertain whether povidone iodine changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare… 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
operator level
MD -16.5 [-32.65, -0.35]
1 study · 12 participants
Very low

Chlorhexidine vs Normal saline

Chlorhexidine (CHX) led to lower reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with saline; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare… 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 feet from patient's mouth
MD -668.4 [-1044.45, -292.35]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported
Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare… 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
operator level
MD -21.33 [-36.8, -5.86]
1 study · 12 participants
Very low

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Minimum 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Viral content of aerosol · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Triclosan rinse vs Saline rinse

Duration of ICU stay · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Triclosan rinse led to lower duration of ICU stay compared with saline rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -4.97 [-5.55, -4.39]
1 study · 324 participants
GRADE not reported

Hydrogen peroxide vs Normal saline

Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Hydrogen peroxide versus normal saline (Nobahar 2016): a reduction in VAP was found; single study, not replicated, interpret with caution.
1 study
GRADE not reported

Povidone iodine rinse vs Saline rinse or placebo

All‐cause mortality · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Povidone iodine rinse showed no clear difference in mortality compared with saline rinse or placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.00 [0.66, 1.50]
2 studies · 217 participants
GRADE not reported

Triclosan rinse vs Saline rinse

Duration of mechanical ventilation · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Triclosan rinse led to lower duration of mechanical ventilation compared with saline rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -5.24 [-5.64, -4.84]
1 study · 324 participants
GRADE not reported

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

COVID-19 viral content of aerosol (when present) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found