Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

9 questions · 9 findings · 3 reviews · Schizophrenia · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 66.7%Low 2 · 22.2%Moderate 1 · 11.1%High 0 · 0%

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE probably leads to higher adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects (rigidity) ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if… compared with COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs lorazepam

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if… compared with BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

PIMOZIDE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects Parkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether PIMOZIDE changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects: Parkinsonism… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects Parkinsonism (rigidity) medium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether PIMOZIDE changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects:Parkinsonism… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review