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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

17 questions · 17 findings · 4 reviews · Temporomandibular disorders and sleep

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No studies found 8 · 47.1%GRADE not reported 8 · 47.1%Very low 1 · 5.9%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Relaxation vs Occlusal (oral) appliance

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Relaxation showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with occlusal (oral) appliance; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Treatment completion · Adolescents (12-19 years)
    Not pooled. Wahlund 2015: MD 3.70 (95% CI -1.21 to 8.61), n=57 (relaxation 28, appliance 29); Wahlund 2003: MD not reported, n=83 (relaxation 41, appliance 42). Both studies were in adolescents; the occlusal appliance…
    2 studies · 140 participants
    GRADE not reported

Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)

Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes joint pain at rest compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)

Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in range of mandibular motion compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)

Participant satisfaction or quality of life · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Hypnosis vs relaxation

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review

Hypnosis vs relaxation

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Hypnosis showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Treatment completion
    Not pooled (clinical heterogeneity). Abrahamsen 2011: MD -1.00 (95% CI -2.27 to 0.27), n=38 (hypnosis 19, relaxation 19); Stam 1984: MD not reported, n=27 (hypnosis 12, relaxation 15).
    2 studies · 65 participants
    GRADE not reported

Occlusal splint vs Behaviour therapy (sleep hygiene, relaxation, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback)

Outcome not reported · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis clinical,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Stabilisation splint (SS) vs relaxation

Pain (reduction in pain on palpation) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity
1 finding from 1 review

Stabilisation splint (SS) vs relaxation

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity
1 finding from 1 review