What do systematic reviews say?

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

Reduction and pharmacotherapy may leads to higher main analysis (all pharmacotherapy): smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).

• Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.68 [1.09, 2.58]
  11 studies · 8636 participants
  Low

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

Reduction and pharmacotherapy showed no clear difference in subgroup: combination NRT; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).

• Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.61, 1.69]
  3 studies · 1124 participants
  Low

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

It is very uncertain whether reduction and pharmacotherapy changes subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (very low certainty).

• Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.02, 5.31]
  1 study · 85 participants
  Very low

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

Reduction and pharmacotherapy probably leads to higher subgroup: fast‐acting NRT only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (moderate certainty).

• Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.56 [1.93, 3.39]
  7 studies · 5323 participants
  Moderate

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

Reduction and pharmacotherapy probably leads to higher subgroup: varenicline only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (moderate certainty).

• Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.99 [2.93, 5.44]
  1 study · 1510 participants
  Moderate

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

Reduction and pharmacotherapy showed no clear difference in subgroup: bupropion only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).

• Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [0.67, 2.4]
  1 study · 594 participants
  Low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 228 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 16 participants
  Very low

Levetiracetam vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 16 participants
  Very low

Antipsychotics vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 9 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 75 participants
  Low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 75 participants
  Low

MAOIs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 218 participants
  Very low

MAOIs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

MAOIs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Comparison 1: 5HT1A partial agonists vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Comparison 8: NARIs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 26 participants
  Very low

Comparison 9: NaSSAs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 126 participants
  Very low

Comparison 9: NaSSAs vs placebo

• Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low