Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

199 questions · 205 findings · 15 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 69 · 33.7%GRADE not reported 24 · 11.7%Very low 56 · 27.3%Low 43 · 21%Moderate 13 · 6.3%High 0 · 0%

Tricyclic antidepressants vs Other Drug for

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ amitriptyline vs placebo · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether tricyclics changes number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with another drug (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ amitriptyline vs placebo · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether tricyclics changes number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with behavioural interventions (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine vs 3 step therapy (reassurance, retention control training + wakening, parental involvement) · children with nocturnal enuresis

Tricyclics may leads to higher number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine vs 3 step therapy + motivation/counselling + education · children with nocturnal enuresis

Tricyclics may leads to higher number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights or relapsing at · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether tricyclics changes number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights or relapsing at compared with behavioural interventions (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ amitriptyline vs placebo · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether tricyclics changes number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women cured · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to electrical stimulation changes number of women cured compared with electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review