Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Linear growth (cm/week) · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Length of hospital stay · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Feeding intolerance · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether protein supplementation changes feeding intolerance compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether protein supplementation changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal mortality · pregnant women
Balanced protein and energy supplementation showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with control or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women
Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational age compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · pregnant women
Balanced protein and energy supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Birthweight (g) · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Weekly gestational weight gain (g/week) · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Stillbirth · pregnant women
Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower stillbirth compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in total protein intake (g/day) at 3 months · children with chronic disease
1 finding from 1 review
High density lipoprotein · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for High density lipoprotein: WMD -0.14 (95% CI -0.99 to 0.71), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -0.14 [-0.99, 0.71]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Low density lipoprotein: WMD 3.23 (95% CI 0.55 to 5.9), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 3.23 [0.55, 5.9]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Change in weight (kg) · children with chronic disease
1 finding from 1 review
Change in weight z score · children with chronic disease
1 finding from 1 review
Change in height · children with chronic disease
1 finding from 1 review