Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

39 questions · 39 findings · 5 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 1 · 2.6%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.6%Very low 11 · 28.2%Low 15 · 38.5%Moderate 9 · 23.1%High 2 · 5.1%

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in vaginal delivery not achieved in 24 hours compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.82, 1.26]
7 studies · 1685 participants
Low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.35 [0.18, 0.67]
6 studies · 1966 participants
Moderate

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Caesarean section · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.92, 1.09]
28 studies · 6619 participants
Moderate

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to lower serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.25, 0.93]
8 studies · 2757 participants
Moderate

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Serious maternal morbidity or death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

It is very uncertain whether balloon (Foley or ATAD) changes serious maternal morbidity or death compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.12]
4 studies · 1481 participants
Very low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.49, 1.14]
14 studies · 4271 participants
Low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.65, 1.04]
12 studies · 3647 participants
Low

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Caesarean section · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.44, 1.09]
3 studies · 339 participants
Low

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Spontaneous vaginal birth · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.95, 1.32]
2 studies · 252 participants
Low

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Uterine hyperstimulation with/without fetal heart rate (FHR) changes ‐ not reported · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in maternal death or serious maternal morbidity compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.27, 3.21]
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.4 [0.12, 1.33]
2 studies · 269 participants
Low

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Spontaneous onset of labour · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in spontaneous onset of labour compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.98, 1.57]
3 studies · 339 participants
Low

Amniotic membranes sweeping vs vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins

Induction of labour · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Membrane sweeping for induction of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.56, 1.45]
2 studies · 157 participants
Low

PGE2 vs placebo or no treatment

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · patients with induction of labour at term

It is very uncertain whether PGE2 changes vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.02, 4.83]
2 studies · 384 participants
Very low

(4.1) PGE2 gel vs PGE2 tablet (all women)

Instrumental vaginal birth · patients with induction of labour at term

(4.1) PGE2 gel showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal delivery compared with PGE2 tablet (all women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.58, 1.02]
3 studies · 565 participants
Moderate

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) vs all PGE2 delivery systems (all women)

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · patients with induction of labour at term

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) showed no clear difference in vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours compared with all PGE2 delivery systems (all women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.92, 1.45]
3 studies · 450 participants
Moderate

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) vs all PGE2 delivery systems (all women)

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · patients with induction of labour at term

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with all PGE2 delivery systems (all women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.15 [0.89, 5.21]
5 studies · 643 participants
Moderate

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) vs all PGE2 delivery systems (all women)

Caesarean section · patients with induction of labour at term

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with all PGE2 delivery systems (all women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.82, 1.26]
11 studies · 1262 participants
Moderate

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) vs all PGE2 delivery systems (all women)

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · patients with induction of labour at term

(7.1) PGE2 (controlled release) showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with all PGE2 delivery systems (all women) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.01, 7.62]
2 studies · 320 participants
Low