Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

226 questions · 228 findings · 28 reviews · Musculoskeletal

No studies found 73 · 32%GRADE not reported 6 · 2.6%Very low 37 · 16.2%Low 70 · 30.7%Moderate 22 · 9.6%High 20 · 8.8%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Mean change in pain from baseline (0‐ to 10‐point scale, 0 is no pain) at 8–16 weeks · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant showed no clear difference in mean change in pain from baseline (0‐ to 10‐point scale, 0 is no… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant leads to higher responder rate: ≥ 50% reduction in 24‐hour mean pain compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Physical function · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant showed no clear difference in mean change in physical function from baseline (0–100 WOMAC Total… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Quality of life (EuroQol, scale −0.11 to 1.0 where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health) between 0 and 14 weeks · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant probably leads to higher quality of life (EuroQol, scale −0.11 to 1.0 where a score of 1.0… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Proportion of participants who withdrew due to adverse events between 0 and 14 weeks · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant probably leads to higher proportion of participants who withdrew due to adverse events… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Total adverse events between 0 and 16 weeks · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant leads to higher total adverse events between 0 and 16 weeks compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Serious adverse events between 0 and 16 weeks · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant showed no clear difference in serious adverse events between 0 and 16 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · patients with knee replacement surgery

Preoperative education showed no clear difference in total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · hip replacement

It is very uncertain whether preoperative education changes total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review