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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

199 questions · 208 findings · 27 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 5 · 2.4%GRADE not reported 6 · 2.9%Very low 45 · 21.6%Low 79 · 38%Moderate 59 · 28.4%High 14 · 6.7%

Antidepressants vs placebo: all studies

Response to antidepressive treatment · people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants changes response to antidepressive treatment compared with placebo: all studies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in… compared with placebo according to any definition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants may leads to higher severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much"… compared with placebo according to any definition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants may leads to higher severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much"… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression (IPT‐D) vs Other Psychological Interventions

Depression score · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders
2 findings from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo: all studies

Consumption of alcohol: abstinent participants (number) · people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher consumption of alcohol: abstinent participants (number) compared with placebo: all studies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo: all studies

Tolerability of treatment: withdrawal for medical reasons · people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in tolerability of treatment: withdrawal for medical reasons compared with placebo: all studies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias compared with placebo according to any definition (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review