Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

315 questions · 315 findings · 30 reviews · Consumers and Communication

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No studies found 68 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 45 · 14.3%Very low 50 · 15.9%Low 97 · 30.8%Moderate 51 · 16.2%High 4 · 1.3%

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs no education or usual care

Compliance with medication · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

Summary of findings: multimedia education showed no clear difference in compliance with medication (different measures used by the studies:… compared with no education or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
2 studies · 4552 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Satisfaction, anxiety and confidence during pregnancy · Various (pregnant women; daily smokers aged 16 and older; university students; children aged 5‐13)

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone messaging for preventive health care 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pregnancy outcomes · Various (pregnant women; daily smokers aged 16 and older; university students; children aged 5‐13)

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone messaging for preventive health care 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Knowledge or understanding (Different measures used by the studies: knowledge of vaccine‐preventable diseases, vaccines, contraindications to vaccination, or a combination, on varying scales) Final time point (3 or 6 months post‐intervention) · parents of preschool‐aged children or expectant parents

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐to‐face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 657 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Attitudes or beliefs (Different measures used by the studies: perceived severity of vaccine‐preventable diseases, perceived necessity of vaccines, or a combination, on varying scales) Final time point (3 or 6 months post‐intervention) · parents of preschool‐aged children or expectant parents

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐to‐face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 292 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Clinical and behavioural outcome: blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol levels · overweight or obese individuals (both children and adults)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcome: blood pressure Multimodal/complex, ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 22597 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcomes: depression Multimodal/complex interventiong versus usual care · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 405 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcome: systolic blood pressure (automated sphygmomanometer or electronic pressure monitor) ATCS Plus or IVR versus usual care at median · patients with hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 65256 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcome: diastolic blood pressure (automated sphygmomanometer and electronic cuff) ATCS Plus, unidirectional versus usual care at median · patients with hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 65056 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcome: blood pressure control, 26 weeks Multimodal/complex interventionf versus usual care · patients with hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 166 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcome: Health statush, depressioni, 6 weeks ATCS Plus versus enhanced usual care (plus information) · patients with hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Email as additional communication method vs standard mail

Health service outcome: uptake of preventive screening · Adultsa

1 finding from 1 review

Email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1859 participants
Very low

Natural frequencies vs probabilities

Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk) · health professionals and consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
642 participants
Moderate

Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs absolute risk reduction (ARR)

Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk reduction) · health professionals and consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
469 participants
Moderate

Relative risk reduction (RRR) vs number needed

Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk reduction) · health professionals and consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
182 participants
Moderate

Absolute risk reduction (ARR) vs number needed

Understanding (measured as correct estimate or interpretation of a risk reduction) · health professionals and consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
182 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 555 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs no health literacy intervention

Health literacy – (1) Depression literacy · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 202 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs no health literacy intervention

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 337 participants
Low