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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

71 questions · 80 findings · 13 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

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No studies found 24 · 30%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 24 · 30%Low 13 · 16.3%Moderate 15 · 18.8%High 4 · 5%

Intervention not reported

NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A, steviol glycoside

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A, steviol glycoside (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A, steviol glycoside
1 finding from 1 review

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

Placebo or diet and exercise · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
2 findings from 1 review

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

Placebo or diet and exercise Description: SF‐36 to evaluate the health utility index SF‐6D (physical component summaries and mental component summaries) Minimal important difference: difference in scores between groups of at least 3% · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
1 finding from 1 review

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

Placebo or diet and exercise Diagnostic criteria: 3 trials applied the WHO 1985 criteria (FPG <7.8 mmol/L and 2‐hour glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L and <11.1 mmol/L after a 75 g OGTT) (Fang 2004; Li 1999; Lu 2002). 5 trials applied the WHO 1999 criteria (FPG... · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings table for metformin probably leads to lower placebo or diet and exercise Diagnostic criteria: 3 trials applied… compared with diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality a. Intervention vs placebo [30 weeks to 4.75 years] b. Intervention vs insulin [4.75 years to 10.0 years] · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality a. Intervention vs placebo [30 weeks to 4.75… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events 1. All adverse events 2. Drop‐outs due to adverse events 3. Severe hypoglycaemia a. Intervention vs placebo [1a. 24 weeks] [2a. 24 weeks to 56 weeks] b. Intervention vs metformin [1b. 6 months to 4 years] [2b. 24 weeks to 4 years] [... · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events 1. All adverse events 2. Drop‐outs due to adverse… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cardiovascular mortality a. Intervention vs placebo [30 weeks to 4.75 years] b. Intervention vs insulin [4.75 years to 10.0 years] · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention may leads to higher cardiovascular mortality a. Intervention vs placebo [30 weeks to… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Myocardial infarction (fatal and non‐fatal) (ticlopidine vs placebo) · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction (fatal and non‐fatal) (ticlopidine vs placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Testosterone vs placebo

Erectile function · men with sexual dysfunction
3 findings from 1 review

Testosterone vs placebo

Sexual quality of life · men with sexual dysfunction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review