Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

870 questions · 912 findings · 85 reviews · Airways · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 65 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 34 · 3.7%Very low 115 · 12.6%Low 273 · 29.9%Moderate 330 · 36.2%High 95 · 10.4%

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Exercise performance: % predicted VO2 max on incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in peak work capacity · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 62 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in dyspnoea score · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 155 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 194 participants
Moderate

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life at long‐term · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) compared with no pulmonary rehabilitation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.32 [0.08, 1.19]
3 studies · 127 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Meters change from baseline in 6MWD · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2 findings from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 278 participants
Moderate
Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 123 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2 findings from 1 review

Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 202 participants
Moderate
Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 204 participants
Very low

Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone

Functional exercise capacity · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1199 participants
Very low

Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone

Health‐related quality of life · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2 findings from 1 review

Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 908 participants
Low
Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 657 participants
Very low

Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone

Inspiratory muscle strength · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 1329 participants
Moderate

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Meters change from baseline in 6MWD · interstitial lung disease

2 findings from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 585 participants
Moderate
Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 321 participants
Moderate

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in peak work capacity · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 159 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in dyspnoea score · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 348 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 478 participants
Moderate

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life at long‐term · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 240 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) · interstitial lung disease

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) compared with no pulmonary rehabilitation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.4 [0.14, 1.12]
4 studies · 291 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to higher improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 8.59 [3.95, 18.72]
4 studies · 282 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 509 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
3 studies · 492 participants
Moderate