What do systematic reviews say?

Oral opioid analgesics vs placebo or no treatment

• Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 128 participants
  Low
• Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 128 participants
  Moderate

Oral non‐opioid analgesics vs placebo or no treatment

• Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 133 participants
  Low
• Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 45 participants
  Very low
• Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 133 participants
  Low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers
  No studies in the 5FU subgroup assessed the number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics.
  0 studies
  No studies found
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers)
  MD -2.28 [-5.33, 0.77]
  1 study · 78 participants
  Very low

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  MD -1.10 [-1.91, -0.29]
  1 study · 90 participants
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
  MD -1.41 [-3.33, 0.51]
  2 studies · 323 participants
  GRADE not reported

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

• Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found