What do systematic reviews say?

Oral calcium vs vitamin C

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).

• Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.53, 3.38]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Oral calcium vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.59 [1.19, 62.07]
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Intermittent oral vs oral calcitriol

• Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Moderate

Dental cavity liner (e.g. calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, or flowable composite) placed under the restoration vs No cavity liner or a different liner material

No included study reported oral health-related quality of life (a planned outcome), so no evidence is available.

• Efficacy of different cavity liners compared to no cavity lining in managing deep caries in vital permanent teeth - a… 2025 All outcomes

  >=6 months · Dental clinical settings (multiple countries)
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chinese herbal medicines vs Western medicine

• Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Intraperitoneal vs oral calcitriol

• Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low