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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

399 questions · 421 findings · 34 reviews · Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the CNS

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No studies found 44 · 10.5%GRADE not reported 13 · 3.1%Very low 124 · 29.5%Low 148 · 35.2%Moderate 76 · 18.1%High 16 · 3.8%

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Disability worsening

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes disability‐worsening Proportion of participants with… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Relapse

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes relapse Proportion of participants with relapse during 24 months of… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… showed no clear difference in occurrence of at least one serious adverse event Proportion of… compared with placebo? (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes withdrawls or drug discontinuation due to adverse events during 24… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Proportion of participants with relapse‐free survival at ≥ 12 months · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Alemtuzumab 12 mg may leads to lower relapse‐free survival compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

New or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Leaving the study early · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Alemtuzumab 24 mg may leads to lower dropouts compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Sustained disease progression‐free survival · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Alemtuzumab 12 mg may leads to lower sustained disease progression‐free survival compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Adverse events, including serious adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with ≥ 1 event · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Alemtuzumab 12 mg showed no clear difference in adverse events, including serious events Assessed by: number of… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions on MRI · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Dropout · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

It is very uncertain whether alemtuzumab 12 mg changes dropouts Assessed by: number of participants who dropped out compared with interferon beta‐1a (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Proportion of participants with relapse‐free survival at ≥ 12 months · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Alemtuzumab 24 mg may leads to lower relapse‐free survival compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Sustained disease progression‐free survival · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Alemtuzumab 24 mg may leads to lower sustained disease progression‐free survival compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Adverse events, including serious adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with ≥ 1 event · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Alemtuzumab 24 mg showed no clear difference in adverse events, including serious adverse events Assessed by: number… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1512) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(3774) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…
2 findings from 1 review