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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

30 questions · 30 findings · 5 reviews · Childhood Cancer · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 6 · 20%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 14 · 46.7%Moderate 10 · 33.3%High 0 · 0%

Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention

Tumour response rate Defined as number of complete responses (i.e. disappearance of active Hodgkin lymphoma (gallium negative, ≥ 70% decrease in the sum of the products of the perpendicular diameters of measurable lesions, and negative bone marrow... · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines

Dexrazoxane showed no clear difference in tumour response rate Defined as number of complete responses (i.e.… compared with no cardioprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention

Ototoxicity according to NCI CTC v2 criteria with intra‐arterial platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Exact test method not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Amifostine showed no clear difference in ototoxicity according to NCICTCv2 criteria with intra‐arterial… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention

Ototoxicity according to NCI CTC v2 criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Objective and subjective audiometric evaluations were performed, no further information provided · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Amifostine showed no clear difference in ototoxicity according to NCICTCv2 criteria with intravenous platinum… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

Event‐free survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell… showed no clear difference in event‐free survival (reported as number of participants with… compared with conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

Overall survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

Quality‐adjusted survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

Toxicity · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

Progression‐free survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM)

Overall survival ‐ not reported · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… probably leads to higher hypersensitivity compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… probably leads to higher pancreatitis compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Thromboembolism · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Osteonecrosis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… showed no clear difference in osteonecrosis compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Asparaginase‐associated toxicity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6… probably leads to higher asparaginase‐associated toxicity compared with low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Event‐free survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in event‐free survival compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in hypersensitivity compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in pancreatitis compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Thromboembolism · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in thromboembolism compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review