Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

53 questions · 53 findings · 9 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 27 · 50.9%GRADE not reported 2 · 3.8%Very low 9 · 17%Low 9 · 17%Moderate 5 · 9.4%High 1 · 1.9%

Intervention not reported

Number of men with continuing symptoms of voiding dysfunction after treatment following assessment with and without urodynamic studies ‐ not reported · patients with lower urinary tract symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Low intensity ES plus PFMT may leads to lower improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with maximal intensity ES plus PFMT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence

It is very uncertain whether voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months after 6… compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy showed no clear difference in resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 6 to 12 months after 6… compared with urotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs usual care or no treatment

Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Behavioural interventions showed no clear difference in health status and quality of life assessed by Bristol Female Lower… compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review