The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in quality of life1 St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); lower… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower severe exacerbations (hospitalisations) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in severe/moderate exacerbations (hospitalisation or course of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in participants with one or more serious adverse event (non‐fatal) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in predose FEV1 (mL) compared with placebo (low certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in exacerbations (OCS) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (low certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in serious adverse events 22 weeks compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on changes exacerbations (hospital) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (very low certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in adverse events (all) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (moderate certainty).
Indacaterol showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing at least 1 exacerbation… compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).
Indacaterol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Adverse events compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).
Indacaterol showed no clear difference in mortality Deaths compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).
Indacaterol showed no clear difference in number of participants with a clinically significant improvement in… compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).