Pain with dilation (10 mL 2% lidocaine)a,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with dilation (20 mL 1% lidocaine)d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with aspiration (lidocaine)a,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with aspiration (20 mL 1% lidocaine)d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain during procedure in women who also received topical cervical lidocaine spraya,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion between seven and 14 weeks' gestation
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Pain with aspirationa,b · people requesting a surgical abortion between seven and 14 weeks' gestation
1 finding from 1 review
Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion between seven and 14 weeks' gestation
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intraperitoneal pain (NRS; higher = more pain) · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Adverse events within 48 hours post operation · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus… showed no clear difference in number of women requiring rescue medication compared with lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.43]
Studies not reported
Low
Intraperitoneal pain (NRS; higher = more pain) · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Adverse events within 48 hours post operation · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether lidocaine instillation changes adverse events within 48 hours post operation compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.04 [0.4, 2.69]
Studies not reported
Very low
Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
Lidocaine instillation may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.27 [0.17, 0.44]
Studies not reported
Low
Intraperitoneal pain (NRS; higher = more pain) · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Adverse events within 48 hours post operation · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia
Intraperitoneal lidocaine instillation may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with intramuscular morphine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.22 [0.09, 0.54]
Studies not reported
Low
Pain with aspirationa,b · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found