What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  36 studies · 2032 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 1140 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

Bispectral index may leads to lower occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with clinical signs (low certainty).

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.36 [0.21, 0.6]
  27 studies · 9765 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs ETAG

BIS showed no clear difference in occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with ETAG (low certainty).

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 1.13 [0.56, 2.26]
  5 studies · 26572 participants
  Low

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing non‐cardiac… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.89, 1.54]
  16 studies · 11446 participants
  Low

Pre‐emptive opioids vs postincision opioids

• Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Preventive opioids vs postincision opioids

• Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 706 participants
  Moderate

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  22 studies · 1494 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 273 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 930 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs ETAG

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bispectral index vs ETAG

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bispectral index vs ETAG

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 15452 participants
  Low