Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
Brushed less than once per day may leads to lower fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed once or more per day (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether brushed less than twice per day changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed twice or more per day (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse effects (loose stools, diarrhoea) · Infants (primary teeth; baseline about 9 to 15 months)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects were not reported in a usable format, but the reported rates of loose stools and diarrhoea were very similar between groups. There were no serious adverse effects during the study. Milgrom 2009.
1 study · 94 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries in primary teeth (mean number of decayed primary teeth) · Infants (primary teeth; baseline about 9 to 15 months)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Children (mixed dentition; baseline about 8 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment (dmfs, primary and permanent teeth combined) · Children (mixed dentition; baseline about 8 years)
1 finding from 1 review
One study (252 children) compared xylitol (7.5 g/day) candy with control (sorbitol) candy over 36 months. The data could not be used in analysis because the authors combined primary/deciduous and permanent teeth and…
1 study · 252 participants
GRADE not reported
Number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) · Infants (primary teeth)
Xylitol wipes (4.2 g/day) showed no clear difference in number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) compared with control wipes (no xylitol) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Infants (primary teeth)
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment (DFS) · adults
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, constipation, flatulence, loose stool or diarrhoea) · adults
1 finding from 1 review
Patterns of adverse effects (sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, constipation, flatulence, and loose stool or diarrhoea) were similar for both groups. Bader 2013.
1 study · 669 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects · Children (permanent teeth; baseline 8 to 10 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children (permanent teeth; baseline 8 to 10 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Number of children with a caries increment · Children (permanent teeth; baseline 8 to 10 years)
Xylitol lozenges (4.7 g/day) showed no clear difference in number of children with a caries increment compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Number of infants with a caries increment · Infants/young children (primary teeth; baseline about 1 to 3 years)
Xylitol sucking tablets (1 g/day) showed no clear difference in number of infants with a caries increment compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Infants/young children (primary teeth; baseline about 1 to 3 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) · Infants (primary teeth)
It is very uncertain whether xylitol tablets (200 to 600 mg/day) via slow-release pacifier/dummy changes number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) compared with control (sorbitol) tablets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…
It is very uncertain whether high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day… changes caries presence in primary teeth compared with low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review