Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 1 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 11.1%Moderate 4 · 44.4%High 4 · 44.4%

DPP4i vs placebo

Cardiovascular mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.91, 1.09]
6 studies · 47968 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction (fatal or non‐fatal) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.97 [0.88, 1.08]
4 studies · 42334 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in stroke (fatal or non‐fatal) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.87, 1.14]
5 studies · 42588 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.03 [0.96, 1.11]
6 studies · 47968 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in hospitalisation for HF compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.99 [0.8, 1.23]
4 studies · 42334 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

Worsening kidney function · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in worsening renal function compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33]
1 study · 16492 participants
Low

DPP4i vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in hypoglycaemia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.11 [0.95, 1.29]
3 studies · 25842 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

Pancreatitis · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i probably leads to higher pancreatitis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [1.12, 2.37]
5 studies · 47684 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

Fracture · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in fracture compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.83, 1.19]
1 study · 16492 participants
Moderate