Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

28 questions · 28 findings · 4 reviews · Urology

No studies found 2 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 7 · 25%Low 8 · 28.6%Moderate 8 · 28.6%High 3 · 10.7%

Combination therapy vs alpha‐blocker

Surgical intervention · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

It is very uncertain whether combination therapy changes surgical intervention compared with alpha‐blockers (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Urologic symptom scores · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in urologic symptom scoreMeasured by IPSS scores (range 0 to 35)Higher… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse eventsCumulative incidence · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse eventsCumulative incidence compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sunitinib vs adjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab)

Progression‐free survival (PSF) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type); IMDC intermediate, poor risk patients only.

Sunitinib may leads to higher progression‐free survival (absolute effect size estimates based on… compared with nivolumab + ipilimumab (targeted agent versus combinations of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review