Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to lower hospitalisation compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to lower relapse rates compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Triple therapy may leads to lower moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy may leads to lower severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy leads to higher respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (high certainty).
Triple therapy probably leads to higher pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
Triple therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause SAEs compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy probably leads to higher symptom score TDI, ≥ 1‐unit increase (lower scores indicate worse… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).
Triple therapy may leads to higher lung function, change in trough FEV1 (mL) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).
Single inhaler therapy leads to lower discontinuation due to adverse events compared with fixed dose ICS (high certainty).
Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in patients with exacerbations causing hospitalisation compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).
Single inhaler therapy leads to lower patients with exacerbations treated with oral steroids compared with fixed dose ICS (high certainty).
Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).