Daily mean opiate intake per hour · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis
Cognitive behavioural therapy showed no clear difference in daily mean opiate intake per hour compared with control (treatment as usual); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Average pain scores (0-100 VAS) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis
Cognitive behavioural therapy showed no clear difference in average pain scores (0-100 VAS) compared with control (treatment as usual); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)
Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (6-month follow-up) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.79 [-3.83, -1.75]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)
Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.40 [-3.40, -1.40]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain intensity at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Only 1 study reported adverse events as an outcome (Litt 2010): it found worsening symptoms in 13 people treated with an oral splint (as part of standard treatment) and 4 people treated with CBT.
1 study · 101 participants
Very low
Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower pain intensity at follow-up (12 months) compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain disability at treatment completion compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in psychological distress at follow-up compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) led to lower patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no special instructions (control); GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
MD -27.91 [-40.10, -15.72]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -6.50 [-17.64, 4.64]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -20.67 [-32.12, -9.22]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of pain treatment · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in burning mouth symptoms · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)
Cognitive behavioural (group psychotherapy) therapy showed no clear difference in improvement in burning mouth symptoms compared with placebo pill; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.77 [0.98, 3.21]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))
Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain intensity (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review