Time to bladder cancer recurrence (absolute effect size estimates based on recurrence rate at 12 months)
Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation may leads to lower time to bladder cancer recurrence (absolute effect size estimates… compared with placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to death from UTUC5
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events
1 finding from 1 review
Time to death from any cause5
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Minor adverse events
1 finding from 1 review
Disease‐specific quality of life
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Death (all causes)
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) probably leads to lower time to death due to any cause (absolute effect size estimates based… compared with ADT only (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may leads to higher grade III to V adverse events compared with ADT only (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer‐specific death5
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) probably leads to lower prostate cancer‐specific death5 compared with ADT only (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to progression
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) probably leads to lower time to progression (absolute effect size estimates based on… compared with ADT only (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may leads to higher discontinuation due to adverse events compared with ADT only (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All adverse events
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may leads to higher all adverse events compared with ADT only (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life at 12 months (
1 finding from 1 review
Time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month
Pembrolizumab probably leads to lower time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15)
Pembrolizumab may leads to higher quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Brain tumour response rates: complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) combinedNo. of participants: 847(6 RCTs)
Pembrolizumab probably leads to higher response rate (partial and complete response) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment‐related mortality
Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events
Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse event compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment)
Pembrolizumab may leads to lower serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to death from any cause Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer
Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in time to death from any cause Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review