Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

37 questions · 40 findings · 4 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 1 · 2.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 7 · 17.5%Low 15 · 37.5%Moderate 17 · 42.5%High 0 · 0%

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Quantity of drinking (g/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
34 studies · 15197 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. binges/wk) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 6946 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Frequency of drinking (no. days drinking/week) at 12 months · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 5469 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Drinking Intensity · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 3128 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

Adverse effects · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption as identified by a screening tool

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 5 participants
Very low

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Harmful alcohol use · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

2 findings from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 3913 participants
Very low
Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1349 participants
Very low

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Retention [ · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 5380 participants
Very low

Brief intervention vs information only

Alcohol frequency Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 434 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Secondary outcomes related to substance use Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 242 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs information only

Alcohol quantity Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 434 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis dependence Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis frequency · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Secondary outcomes related to substance use Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Alcohol frequency Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 242 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Alcohol quantity Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 179 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Cannabis dependence Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 190 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Cannabis frequency · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 338 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs treatment

Decreased alcohol use · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief intervention (BI) showed no clear difference in decreased alcohol use compared with treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.62, 1.92]
1 study · 110 participants
Low
Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.67, 1.93]
1 study · 110 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs treatment

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief intervention (BI) showed no clear difference in retention compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.13]
3 studies · 190 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs treatment

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) scores · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 170 participants
Low