Lower incisor inclination (lingual tipping and retrusion) · Children (approximately 11 years or older) with compromised mandibular first permanent molars
Bilateral lower first permanent molar extraction was associated with lingual tipping and retrusion of the lower incisors in one case-control study; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Skeletal development (occlusal plane rotation, facial height) · Children (approximately 11 years or older) with compromised mandibular first permanent molars
Bilateral lower first permanent molar extraction was associated with counter-clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane and a mild decrease in lower anterior face height in one case-control study; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Normando and Cavacami: decreased GnSN angle (P = 0.05), counter-clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (mean 5.6 vs 12.6 degrees, P = 0.0001), and decreased lower anterior face height (P = 0.048). Table 3: Category…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Plaque · Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP)
Plaque index does not differ significantly between unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (MD -0.13, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.12; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Midline deviation of the mandibular arch · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)
One study found midline deviation more likely after unilateral than bilateral extraction (OR 11.6; single study; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical morbidities (adverse effects) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review
SoF (Very Low): Clinical morbidities assessed with questionnaires, follow-up 12 months; risk with orthognathic surgery 3/14; risk with maxillary distraction osteogenesis 3/15; relative effect -; 29 participants (1…
1 study · 29 participants
Very low
Psychological status: social self-esteem (Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory subset); also general self-esteem and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review
Results text (Ungraded; not in SoF): social self-esteem (subset of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory, CFSEI) - DO participants had lower social self-esteem in the first three months postoperatively, with a…
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported
Midfacial soft tissue changes (facial profile landmarks: pronasale, subnasale, stomion superius, labrale superius) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis showed no clear difference in midfacial soft tissue changes (facial profile landmarks: pronasale,… compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Results text (Ungraded; not in SoF): both groups showed notable positive soft tissue changes of the upper lip and nose after maxillary advancement (39 participants). Between-group soft tissue differences at 2 years…
1 study · 39 participants
GRADE not reported
Velopharyngeal function (complete velopharyngeal closure; deterioration/improvement) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes velopharyngeal function (complete velopharyngeal closure;… compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Psychological status: satisfaction with life (Satisfaction With Life Scale, SWLS) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes psychological status: satisfaction with life (Satisfaction With Life… compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maxillary advancement (midfacial hard tissue change; Subspinale A-point) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes maxillary advancement (midfacial hard tissue change; Subspinale… compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Speech: nasal emission · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis showed no clear difference in speech: nasal emission compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Gum health: midbuccal gingival recession (mm) · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
Open surgical exposure showed no clear difference in gum health: midbuccal gingival recession (mm) compared with closed surgical exposure; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Probing pocket depth · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
Open surgical exposure showed no clear difference in gum health: periodontal probing depth compared with closed surgical exposure; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Complications or adverse effects · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
1 finding from 1 review
SoF (Complications, no GRADE rating given): 'One surgical failure was due to detachment of the gold chain (closed group). One study reported two complications following surgery, both in the closed group: a…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
Open surgical exposure showed no clear difference in patient response: pain/soreness score (visual analogue scale 1 to 10) compared with closed surgical exposure; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment time: time from surgical exposure to eruption/bonding a bracket · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
Open surgical exposure led to lower treatment time: time from surgical exposure to eruption/bonding a… compared with closed surgical exposure; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Discomfort/pain · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Aesthetics: canine rated as abnormal position in the dental arch · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages 14.2 to 17.5 years)
Open surgical exposure showed no clear difference in aesthetics: canine rated as abnormal position in the dental arch compared with closed surgical exposure; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review