Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

26 questions · 27 findings · 3 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 3 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 11.1%Low 9 · 33.3%Moderate 8 · 29.6%High 4 · 14.8%

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Death (all causes) · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in death (median compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.72]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Kidney function · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in dialysis (median compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.65 [0.57, 4.79]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Relapse · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in relapse at 18 months compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.51, 2.5]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate
Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.46 [1, 2.14]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.45, 3.07]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Infections · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in infections compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.51, 2.06]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Death · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine may leads to lower death compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33
1 study · 126 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Kidney function · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Relapse · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in relapse compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.68, 1.77]
1 study · 126 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Adverse event causing death or study drug discontinuation · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in adverse events causing death or study drug discontinuation compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.25, 1.38]
1 study · 126 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Severe adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine may leads to lower severe adverse events compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58
1 study · 126 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Death · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether azathioprine (AZA) changes death compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.34, 3.87]
4 studies · 451 participants
Very low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

ESKD · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether azathioprine (AZA) changes ESKD compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.7 [0.52, 5.54]
4 studies · 452 participants
Very low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Renal relapse · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

Azathioprine (AZA) probably leads to higher renal relapse compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.75 [1.2, 2.55]
4 studies · 452 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Doubling serum creatinine · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

Azathioprine (AZA) may leads to higher doubling of serum creatinine compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.19 [1.03, 4.66]
4 studies · 452 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Major infection · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

Azathioprine (AZA) showed no clear difference in major infection compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.69, 1.96]
3 studies · 412 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Leucopenia · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

Azathioprine (AZA) may leads to higher leucopenia compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.61 [1.68, 18.72]
3 studies · 412 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Alopecia · Patients with maintenance treatment in lupus nephritis

Azathioprine (AZA) showed no clear difference in alopecia compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.46, 1.95]
3 studies · 412 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine (AZA)

Death, all cause · patients with kidney transplant recipients

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed no clear difference in death, all cause compared with azathioprine (AZA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mycophenolic acid versus azathioprine as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.7, 1.29]
16 studies · 2987 participants
Moderate