Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

57 questions · 59 findings · 9 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

No studies found 14 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 24 · 40.7%Very low 10 · 16.9%Low 4 · 6.8%Moderate 7 · 11.9%High 0 · 0%

Sesame oil vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

OLT score and patient self-assessment (BANA test) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Asokan 2011 (2-arm trial) compared sesame oil versus chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash (OLT and BANA test). We could not include the results in the meta-analysis because they did not report post-intervention OLT score and P…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash changes patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Miswak (Salvadora persica) stick vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) stick changes patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% vs clobetasol cream 0.05% cream

Physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) compared with topical clobetasol propionate 0.05%; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel

Physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) compared with topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Participant global self-assessment · People with erosive oral lichen planus
1 finding from 1 review
  • One study (Passeron 2007) assessed participant global self-assessment on a 5-point scale: 5/6 participants in the 1% pimecrolimus group rated their improvement as moderate or important versus 1/6 in the placebo group…
    1 study · 12 participants
    GRADE not reported

Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT)

Physician Global Assessment (cure of erosive lesions, remarkably effective) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (cure of erosive lesions, remarkably… compared with tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Physician Global Assessment (weighted sums of ulceration, erythema, reticulation, mm2) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (weighted sums of ulceration, erythema,… compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide paste

Investigator‐ or physician‐rated global assessment of disease severity · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy led to higher physician Global Assessment (clinical severity, 0-12 score) compared with topical triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% paste; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clobetasol-17-propionate 0.025% lipid-loaded microspheres vs Clobetasol propionate 0.025% ointment

Physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Clobetasol-17-propionate 0.025% lipid-loaded microspheres showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) compared with conventional 0.025% clobetasol lipophilic ointment in hydrophilic…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Mucin spray (Saliva Orthana) vs Placebo spray (base without mucin)

Oral health assessment · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Blixt-Johansen 1992 (parallel, elderly long-term care, poor oral mucosa): oral mucosa improved in both groups but a much greater reduction in oral pathology in the mucin spray group; no data presented.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Two-phase oil-water mouthrinse (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride) vs Essential oils mouthrinse (Listerine)

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    6 weeks
    Kozlovsky 1996 (6-week parallel comparison): mean organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Two-phase oil-water (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride): 2.14 (SD 0.88) at baseline to 0.42 (SD 0.55) at week 6 (about 80% reduction);…
    1 study · 50 participants
    GRADE not reported