What do systematic reviews say?

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

It is very uncertain whether any early psychological intervention changes PTSD diagnosis: post‐treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (very low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.85, 1.32]
  5 studies · 556 participants
  Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 409 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 414 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 239 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Any early psychological intervention may leads to lower PTSD diagnosis: 3–6 months compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.41, 0.93]
  5 studies · 758 participants
  Low
• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.2, 4.49]
  1 study · 132 participants
  Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Any early psychological intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts from treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [0.91, 1.95]
  11 studies · 1154 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 1921 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1009 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 945 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

Any early psychological intervention may leads to higher dropouts from treatment compared with active control condition (low certainty).

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [1.11, 2.34]
  2 studies · 425 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 465 participants
  Low

GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU

It is very uncertain whether GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU changes leaving the study early: For any reason compared with TAU (all short‐term) (very low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.15, 1.28]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term)

STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: For any reason compared with HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.25, 2]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term)

It is very uncertain whether COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) changes leaving the study early: For any reason compared with COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) (very low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.33 [0.27, 20.09]
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: For any reason compared with NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.1, 2.6]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Low

COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU

It is very uncertain whether COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) changes leaving the study early: For any reason compared with TAU (all short‐term) (very low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.32, 2.71]
  2 studies · 91 participants
  Very low

Family‐centred care vs control

• Family‐centred interventions for Indigenous early childhood well‐being by primary healthcare services 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 384 participants
  Very low

Family‐centred care vs control

• Family‐centred interventions for Indigenous early childhood well‐being by primary healthcare services 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 975 participants
  Very low