What do systematic reviews say?

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes total adverse eventsAdverse events included discomfort, local skin… compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [0.53, 3.2]
  16 studies · 1199 participants
  Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 956 participants
  Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 530 participants
  Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes transfusion rate compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.13 [0.04, 109.63]
  2 studies · 91 participants
  Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 174 participants
  Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 296 participants
  Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.71 [0.42, 17.38]
  19 studies · 1347 participants
  Very low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers)
  RR 0.59 [0.35, 1.01]
  5 studies · 270 participants
  Low
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers
  RR 0.61 [0.52, 0.72]
  5 studies · 444 participants
  Moderate
• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Low-dose methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis after allogeneic HSCT
  RR 0.98 [0.90, 1.07]
  1 study · 122 participants
  Very low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Chlorhexidine rinse

It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (any severity) compared with chlorhexidine rinse (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.97 [0.71, 1.32]
  1 study · 133 participants
  Very low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Low-dose leucovorin rinse

It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (any severity) compared with low-dose leucovorin rinse (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.67 [0.50, 0.90]
  1 study · 118 participants
  Very low

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs High-dose leucovorin rinse

It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (any severity) compared with high-dose leucovorin rinse (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.65 [0.47, 0.90]
  1 study · 81 participants
  Very low