What do systematic reviews say?

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Antacids may leads to lower clinically important upper GI bleeding compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.25, 0.99]
  8 studies · 774 participants
  Low

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Antacids showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.53, 1.96]
  2 studies · 300 participants
  Low

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Antacids showed no clear difference in number of participants requiring blood transfusions compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.3, 2.96]
  2 studies · 226 participants
  Low

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antacids vs sucralfate

Antacids showed no clear difference in clinically important upper GI bleeding compared with sucralfate (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.72, 1.39]
  16 studies · 1772 participants
  Low

Antacids vs sucralfate

Antacids showed no clear difference in nosocomial pneumonia compared with sucralfate (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.84, 1.3]
  7 studies · 996 participants
  Low

Antacids vs sucralfate

Antacids showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with sucralfate (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.93, 1.4]
  11 studies · 1249 participants
  Low

Antacids vs sucralfate

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 227 participants
  Low

Antacids vs sucralfate

Antacids showed no clear difference in number of participants requiring blood transfusion compared with sucralfate (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.4, 1.34]
  6 studies · 667 participants
  Low

Antacids vs sucralfate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in clinically important upper GI bleeding compared with antacids (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.36]
  16 studies · 1700 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in nosocomial pneumonia compared with antacids (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.81, 1.36]
  4 studies · 581 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

It is very uncertain whether H2 receptor antagonists changes all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with antacids (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.66, 1.55]
  11 studies · 1321 participants
  Very low

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

H2 receptor antagonists probably leads to higher number of participants requiring blood transfusion compared with antacids (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.49 [1.35, 4.62]
  6 studies · 744 participants
  Moderate

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found