Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
CBT plus hypnosis (combined package) led to lower pain intensity compared with usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) led to lower reduction in pain intensity (percentage of patients responding) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
Tchivileva et al 2010: a significantly greater percentage of patients (67.5% versus 32.5%) experienced reduction in pain intensity rating during the propranolol treatment period than the placebo treatment period (P =…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Tchivileva et al 2010: Reduction in pain intensity rating (primary outcome) comparing propranolol treatment to placebo treatment did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.104); pairwise differences between…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Reduction in pain duration (percentage of day) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) showed no clear difference in reduction in pain duration (percentage of day) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Reassurance / behavioral management (control of contributory factors)
Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain intensity at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Relaxation showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with occlusal (oral) appliance; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomesTreatment completion · Adolescents (12-19 years)
Not pooled. Wahlund 2015: MD 3.70 (95% CI -1.21 to 8.61), n=57 (relaxation 28, appliance 29); Wahlund 2003: MD not reported, n=83 (relaxation 41, appliance 42). Both studies were in adolescents; the occlusal appliance…
2 studies · 140 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Only 1 study reported adverse events as an outcome (Litt 2010): it found worsening symptoms in 13 people treated with an oral splint (as part of standard treatment) and 4 people treated with CBT.
1 study · 101 participants
Very low
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Hope-based intervention showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with pain education; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower pain intensity at follow-up (12 months) compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Hypnosis showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Not pooled (clinical heterogeneity). Abrahamsen 2011: MD -1.00 (95% CI -2.27 to 0.27), n=38 (hypnosis 19, relaxation 19); Stam 1984: MD not reported, n=27 (hypnosis 12, relaxation 15).
2 studies · 65 participants
GRADE not reported
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Habit reversal treatment led to lower pain intensity compared with waiting-list control; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review