What do systematic reviews say?

Therapeutic community and aftercare vs cognitive behavioural skills

Therapeutic community and aftercare showed no clear difference in criminal Activity compared with cognitive behavioural skills (low certainty).

• Interventions for drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.52, 1.05]
  1 study · 314 participants
  Low

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes criminal activity at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.63, 1.03]
  1 study · 314 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Arrests official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.32, 1.14]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Re‐incarceration official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.36, 1.64]
  3 studies · 472 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Low

naltrexone vs no pharmacological

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) probably leads to lower criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Reincarceration official records compared with no pharmacological (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.21, 0.74]
  2 studies · 114 participants
  Moderate