Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

155 questions · 155 findings · 12 reviews · Incontinence · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 67 · 43.2%GRADE not reported 18 · 11.6%Very low 25 · 16.1%Low 23 · 14.8%Moderate 20 · 12.9%High 2 · 1.3%

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs other active intervention

Number of incontinent men within 6 to 12 months ‐ FES versus ExMI · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

It is very uncertain whether treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment changes number of incontinent men within 6 to 12 months ‐ FES versus ExMI compared with another active treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs other active intervention

Adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone compared with another active treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and post‐operation versus PFMT pre and post‐operation)

Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy

Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment showed no clear difference in number of incontinent men after 12 months compared with another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training changes participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review