Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

58 questions · 58 findings · 5 reviews · Musculoskeletal

No studies found 24 · 41.4%GRADE not reported 3 · 5.2%Very low 6 · 10.3%Low 17 · 29.3%Moderate 8 · 13.8%High 0 · 0%

Tramadol vs paracetamol

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs paracetamol

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with acetaminophen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs paracetamol

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with NSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with other opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral methotrexate plus intra‐articular glucocorticoid vs intra‐articular glucocorticoid alone

Sustained clinically inactive diseasec · children and young people with JIA

Oral methotrexate plus intra‐articular glucocorticoid showed no clear difference in sustained clinically inactive diseaseb(12 months) compared with intra‐articular glucocorticoid alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral methotrexate plus intra‐articular glucocorticoid vs intra‐articular glucocorticoid alone

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and young people with JIA

Oral methotrexate plus intra‐articular glucocorticoid showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events(12 months) compared with intra‐articular glucocorticoid alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review