What do systematic reviews say?

PDEI + 5‐ARI vs 5‐ARI alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PDEI + 5‐ARI vs 5‐ARI alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.84, 1.36]
  1 study · 695 participants
  Low

PDEI vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 3646 participants
  Low

PDEI vs placebo

PDEI may leads to higher adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [1.21, 1.67]
  11 studies · 4386 participants
  Low

PDEI vs alpha‐blocker

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 933 participants
  Moderate

PDEI vs alpha‐blocker

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 550 participants
  Low

PDEI vs alpha‐blocker

PDEI showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with alpha‐blockers (low certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.35 [0.8, 2.3]
  4 studies · 786 participants
  Low

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 193 participants
  Low

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker probably leads to higher adverse effects compared with alpha‐blockers alone (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.81 [1.53, 5.17]
  4 studies · 194 participants
  Moderate

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1092 participants
  Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 589 participants
  Low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 4211 participants
  Low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 5897 participants
  Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 210 participants
  Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1443 participants
  Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1257 participants
  Very low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Moderate

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 231 participants
  Very low