Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Over 50% less standard drinks per day Timeline follow back · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in greater than 50% reduction in number of standard drinks consumed per… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

25% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in 25% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

50% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in 50% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

or more drinking days' reduction in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) probably leads to higher or more drinking days' reduction in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous vascular interventions vs intravenous thrombolytic treatment

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at

Percutaneous vascular interventions showed no clear difference in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within first 14 days compared with intravenous thrombolytic treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical and cognitive therapy vs usual care

Duration of ICU stay · critically ill patients 18 years or older treated for respiratory failure or septic or both, cardiogenic or haemorrhagic shock who resided…

It is very uncertain whether physical and cognitive therapy changes length of ICU stay (days) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical and cognitive therapy vs usual care

In‐hospital mortality at 30 days or at the longest · critically ill patients 18 years or older treated for respiratory failure or septic or both, cardiogenic or haemorrhagic shock who resided…

It is very uncertain whether physical and cognitive therapy changes in‐hospital mortality at 30 days or at the longest compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Overall morbidity (30‐day postoperative; procedure‐ and non‐procedure related) · patients with stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall morbidity (30‐day postoperative; procedure‐ and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention vs inactive control

All‐cause mortality Up to 28 days following admission · the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia

FIBRINOGEN: Therapeutic trials: intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Up to 28 days following admission compared with inactive Control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review