Intervention not reported
Weekly gestational weight gain (g) · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Stillbirth · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Neonatal death · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Birthweight (g) · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Weekly gestational weight gain (g/week) · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Stillbirth · pregnant women
Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower stillbirth compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cord pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in cord pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L ‐ ST… compared with CTG alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal encephalopathy ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in neonatal encephalopathy ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fetal blood sampling ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… leads to lower fetal blood sampling ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… leads to lower operative vaginal delivery ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal admission to special care · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal special care unit ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any perinatal death after randomisation · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in perinatal death ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal death or severe morbidity · Pregnant women who had reached the gestational age of fetal viability
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section · Pregnant women who had reached the gestational age of fetal viability
Routine fetal movement counting showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with mixed or undefined fetal movement counting (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · Pregnant women who had reached the gestational age of fetal viability
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal anxiety · Pregnant women who had reached the gestational age of fetal viability
Routine fetal movement counting showed no clear difference in maternal anxiety compared with mixed or undefined fetal movement counting (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review