What do systematic reviews say?

Calcium vs placebo or usual care

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 151 participants
  Very low

Calcium vs placebo or usual care

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Sevelamer changes nausea compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [0.07, 22.42]
  3 studies · 370 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Sevelamer changes vomiting compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.09 [0.26, 16.57]
  2 studies · 165 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo or usual care

Summary of findings: Sevelamer may leads to higher constipation compared with placebo/usual care (low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6.92 [2.24, 21.38]
  4 studies · 430 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo or usual care

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 483 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo or usual care

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 115 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Lanthanum changes death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [0.07, 37.12]
  3 studies · 214 participants
  Very low

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1398 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Organisational interventions probably leads to higher blood pressure target achievement compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.44 [1.09, 1.9]
  13 studies · 23631 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 5384 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1008 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 554 participants
  Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1089 participants
  Low

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1398 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients showed no clear difference in blood pressure target achievement compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.34 [0.7, 2.59]
  3 studies · 266 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 33762 participants
  Low

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 495 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Low

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 127 participants
  Moderate