Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,061 questions · 2,151 findings · 116 reviews

No studies found 609 · 28.3%GRADE not reported 268 · 12.5%Very low 635 · 29.5%Low 491 · 22.8%Moderate 122 · 5.7%High 26 · 1.2%

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term remission compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term response · adults with panic disorder

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term response compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Leaving the study early · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether all psychological therapies changes dropouts for any reason compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): panic frequency Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitive Questionnaire (1 to 70) Fear Questionnaire Agoraphobia Subscale (0 to 14) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) STAI ... · adults with panic disorder
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs SSRI

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): panic frequency Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitive Questionnaire (1 to 70) Fear Questionnaire Agoraphobia Subscale (0 to 14) · adults with panic disorder
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Clinical improvement in pulse rate · adults with schizophrenia or related disorders treated for clozapine‐induced tachycardia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review