What do systematic reviews say?

Low dietary fat vs usual fat

• Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40130 participants
  Low

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  464 participants
  Very low

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Primary nursing vs usual/team/functional nursing

• Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  138 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 136 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 196 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes ICD, appropriate shock ( compared with no exercise at longest available follow‐up (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.28 [0.05, 1.65]
  4 studies · 384 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes ICD, all shocks ( compared with no exercise at longest available follow‐up (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.7, 1.12]
  1 study · 1053 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 52 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes all‐cause mortality ( compared with no exercise at longest available follow‐up (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.65, 2.14]
  3 studies · 332 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes serious adverse events ( compared with no exercise at longest available follow‐up (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.61, 1.08]
  3 studies · 188 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower stroke and other systemic embolic events (high certainty).

• Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.82, 0.97]
  13 studies · 67477 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower all strokes (high certainty).

• Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.81, 0.97]
  13 studies · 67449 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower major bleedings (moderate certainty).

• Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.78 [0.73, 0.84]
  13 studies · 67396 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower intracranial haemorrhages (high certainty).

• Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.5 [0.42, 0.59]
  12 studies · 66259 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all‐cause deaths (moderate certainty).

• Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.83, 0.95]
  10 studies · 65624 participants
  Moderate