Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,970 questions · 2,433 findings · 231 reviews

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No studies found 303 · 12.5%GRADE not reported 759 · 31.2%Very low 357 · 14.7%Low 476 · 19.6%Moderate 418 · 17.2%High 120 · 4.9%

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine probably leads to higher time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset… compared with phenobarbitone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.31 [1.04, 1.66]
6 studies · 584 participants
Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) ‐ stratified by epilepsy type: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.8 [0.55, 1.15]
5 studies · 238 participants
Low

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Remission · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) All… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.09 [0.84, 1.4]
4 studies · 683 participants
Low

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup:… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.92 [0.67, 1.25]
4 studies · 525 participants
Low

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalized onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup:… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.56 [0.99, 2.44]
3 studies · 158 participants
Low

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All… compared with phenytoin (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.78 [0.53, 1.14]
2 studies · 476 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup:… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.09 [0.75, 1.57]
2 studies · 326 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ generalised onset Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.94 [0.55, 1.62]
2 studies · 142 participants
Low

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.69 [0.43, 1.09]
2 studies · 333 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.03 [0.51, 2.08]
2 studies · 143 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure due to adverse events All participants Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine leads to lower time to treatment failure due to adverse events All participants… compared with phenytoin (primary outcomes) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.22 [0.1, 0.51]
2 studies · 480 participants
High

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure due to lack of efficacy All participants Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure due to lack of efficacy All participants… compared with phenytoin (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.17 [0.31, 4.35]
2 studies · 480 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.97 [0.75, 1.26]
2 studies · 468 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.92 [0.68, 1.25]
2 studies · 326 participants
Moderate

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.11 [0.66, 1.86]
2 studies · 142 participants
Low

Oxcarbazepine vs phenytoin

Remission · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

Summary of findings: oxcarbazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) All… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.04 [0.77, 1.41]
2 studies · 468 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Tobacco use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in tobacco use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.28 [0.75, 2.19]
2 studies · 521 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Alcohol use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in alcohol use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.58, 1.11]
4 studies · 1911 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cannabis use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in cannabis use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.69 [0.46, 1.04]
2 studies · 362 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Illicit drug use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found