Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,954 questions · 2,335 findings · 149 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 436 · 18.7%GRADE not reported 1,370 · 58.7%Very low 254 · 10.9%Low 173 · 7.4%Moderate 80 · 3.4%High 22 · 0.9%

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.23 [0.04, 0.43]
2 studies · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.29 [0.61, 2.71]
2 studies · 294 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Adverse effects: dental fluorosis · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride varnish

Caries increment in deciduous teeth: d(e)fs (prevented fraction) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.19
1 study · 186 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.02 [-0.20, 0.24]
1 study · 252 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.48 [0.12, 0.84]
1 study · 71 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride gel

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.10 [-0.01, 0.21]
3 studies · 759 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride… showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.22]
5 studies · 1998 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.10 [0.02, 0.17]
9 studies · 4026 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.07 [0.00, 0.13]
5 studies · 2738 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.14 [-0.09, 0.38]
3 studies · 1217 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.03 [0.84, 1.26]
3 studies · 1704 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Caries increment in deciduous teeth: d(e)fs (prevented fraction) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.15
1 study · 173 participants
GRADE not reported

Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs placebo

Psychosocial outcomes · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
There were no data on psychosocial outcomes, costs or quality of life in any of the trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs placebo

Headache (severity) · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal adjustment (OA) showed no clear difference in headache (severity) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 0.90 [0.13, 6.08]
1 study · 18 participants
GRADE not reported

Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs Reassurance

Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal adjustment (OA) showed no clear difference in pain (frequency) compared with reassurance; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 0.13 [0.01, 2.58]
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs Reassurance

Headache (frequency) · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal adjustment (OA) showed no clear difference in headache (frequency) compared with reassurance; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 1.40 [0.45, 4.35]
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs placebo

Pain (severity) · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal adjustment (OA) showed no clear difference in pain (severity) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 0.5 [0.07, 3.85]
1 study · 18 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Adverse effects: dental fluorosis · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
At least 1 year
Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Fluoride toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
At least 1 year
PF 0.24 [0.21, 0.28]
70 studies · 42300 participants
GRADE not reported